How to use AppImages on Linux

Situatie

Solutie

Installing software should be simple and convenient. How simple and how convenient that turns out to be is largely down to the package manager of your distribution. Package managers are software applications that let you download other Linux programs, and install them.

Derivative Linux distributions tend to use the package managers of their parent distribution. For example, the many Debian variants and derivatives use

apt

, the RedHat and Fedora distributions use

dnf

, and the Arch family of distributions use

pacman

. So, thankfully, there are not as many package managers are there are distributions.

Even so, from a developer’s point of view, supporting all the different package formats means wrapping your application into a DEB file for the Debian family, into an RPM for the RedHat family, and so on. That’s a lot of additional overhead.

It also means that if neither the developers nor anyone else has created an installation package for your distribution, you can’t install that software. At least, not natively.

You might be able to shoehorn a package from a different distribution onto your computer, but that’s not a risk-free method nor is it guaranteed to work. If you know what you’re doing you can download the source code and build the application on your computer, but that’s a far cry from being simple and convenient.

Projects such as Snap and Flatpak were designed to overcome the problem of wrapping applications for each distribution. If you can wrap a package into a single file so that it comes bundled with the appropriate libraries and any other dependencies it has, so that it makes (virtually) no demands on the host operating system, it ought to be able to run on any distribution.

The AppImage project is just such an initiative. AppImage is the name of the project, and AppImages are the name for the wrapped applications.

How AppImages Work

AppImage files are not installed in the traditional sense. The component files that make up the application package are all contained inside a single file. They are not unpacked and stored in different directories in the file system.

An application installed by your package manager will have its executable copied into the appropriate “/bin” directory, its

man

pages will be stored in the “/usr/share/man” directory, and so on. That unpacking and copying step doesn’t happen with AppImages.

There’s a file system inside an AppImage, usually a squashFS file system. The files needed to run the application are stored inside this file system, not in the main file system of your Linux installation. When the AppImage is executed, it launches one of its internal helper programs that mounts the squashFS file system in “/tmp/mount” so that it is accessible from your main file system. It then launches the application itself.

This is why launching applications from Snaps, Flatpaks, and AppImages is slightly slower than running a regular application. For all of this to work, the host file system must have something called “filesystem in userspace” installed. This is the only dependency AppImages places on the host. FUSE is usually pre-installed on modern Linux distributions.

Using an AppImage file

The first thing you need to do is download the AppImage for the application you want. These won’t be in your distribution’s repository. Usually, you find them on the website for the application itself.

We’ll download and use FreeCAD, an open-source 3D computer-aided design package. Browse to the FreeCAD download page and click the “64-bit AppImage” button.

When it has been downloaded, locate the file in a terminal window. Unless you’ve changed the defaults on your web browser it’ll probably be in your “Downloads” directory. We need to make the AppImage executable. We’ll use the chmod command to add the

-x

(executable) permission.

chmod +x FreeCAD-0.20.0-Linux-x86_64.AppImage

We’ve downloaded our file and made it executable. To execute it we can call it by name.

./FreeCAD-0.20.0-Linux-x86_64.AppImage

That’s all we had to do on Fedora and Manjaro. On Ubuntu 22.04, we had to install a library file. FUSE is already installed on Ubuntu 22.04, but it is a version more recent than that used by the majority of AppImages. Installing the library file doesn’t affect the installed version of FUSE.

sudo apt install libfuse2

That solved the problem straight away, and we could launch AppImages without issue on Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish 22.04.

All that’s great. But what if you want to have your cake and eat it? Imagine if there was a way to use AppImages that didn’t require you to launch them from a terminal window. It would be much more convenient to be able to launch AppImage applications just like regular, native applications.

There’s an obvious contradiction here—the whole point of AppImages is that they don’t install themselves in the traditional sense, including they don’t integrate into your desktop. But it’s possible nonetheless with AppImageLauncher.

AppImageLauncher monitors a nominated directory. It scans the directory, looking for AppImage files. For each one it finds, it extracts the application icon (if there is one) and integrates the AppImage into the desktop, like a regular application.

This is repeated for each new AppImage that is added to the directory. When it detects that an AppImage has been deleted, it removes the integration. So, just by dropping your downloaded AppImage files into the monitored directory, they’re integrated into your desktop environment.

If you’re using Ubuntu or Fedora, go to the AppImageLauncher Download page and click on the “Assets” link in the “Release Build (Latest)” section.

Click on the “appimagelauncher-XXX.x86_64.rpm” link for Fedora, or the “appimagelauncher_XXX.bionic_arm64.deb” file for Ubuntu. The “XXX” represents the version number of the software.

Note that there are links for AppImageLauncherLite and for AppImageLauncher. Use the AppImageLauncher links.

Navigate to your downloaded file, and double-click it to start the installation. On GNOME, this will start the “Software” application.

On Manjaro, you can install AppImageLauncher with this command:

sudo pacman -S appimagelauncher

You can launch AppImageLauncher by pressing the “Super” key. On most keyboards, it is located between the left-hand “Ctrl” and “Alt” keys. Type “appim” into the search bar.

The AppImageLauncher icon will appear. Click it to launch the application.

There’s a tiny bit of configuration to do. We need to tell AppImageLauncher which directory we want it to monitor. Click the “folder” icon and browse to the directory you usually store your AppImages in. We selected our “Downloads” directory. You could choose a subdirectory if you like, perhaps “/Downloads/apps.”

If you want AppImageLauncher to offer to move AppImages it finds in other directories into your monitored directory, make sure the “Ask Whether to Move AppImage Files Into the Applications Directory” checkbox is selected. But if AppImageLauncher is only monitoring a single directory, how will it find AppImages anywhere else

The answer to that lies on the “appimagelauncherd” tab. Click “appimagelauncherd” tab and you’ll see that it is possible to have AppImage monitor more than one directory.
Click the green “Plus” icon to add more directories. Make sure the “Auto Start Auto-Integration Daemon” checkbox is selected. Click the “OK” button when you’ve made your selections.
Wait for a few minutes, then press the “Super” key and type the first part of the name of an AppImage that is in your monitored directory. In our case, we only have one.

As soon as you type “free” you should see an icon for FreeCAD. Clicking it launches the application. If the AppImage file doesn’t contain an icon, a generic cogged-wheel icon is used, which was the case with FreeCAD.

To test things further, we downloaded the AppImage file for the Subsurface application. We waited about 30 seconds to make sure it had been discovered and integrated, then pressed the “Super” key, typed “sub” and the application icon appeared. This time, the genuine icon for the application had been found and used.

Clicking the icon launched the application. We didn’t even need to use chmod to make the AppImage executable. Another nice touch is that right-clicking the icon lets you delete the AppImage right from the context menu.

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