A cryptographic hash is a fixed size string (or text) that is used as an identifier/fingerprint of some data. These are particularly useful in determining the integrity of files after they are transferred over a communication channel. Hashes are even utilized by certain OS-level processes for their working.

The command processor of Windows OS (cmd.exe) provides the user with the ability to compute hashes on files/Directories via an utility command named Certutil.

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Assoc is command (internal) found inside Windows Command Processor Command Prompt, that allows for file extension to file type association. A file extension is generally last few characters in File Name after period (“.”). Though it is not mandatory for file to have an extension at all (in case of extension-less files).

Extension to file type association is enforced predominantly by Windows OS. Other Operating Systems such as Linux and macOS does support such association but don’t enforce them to levels of Windows. Linux Kernel rather utilizes Magic Numbers for recognition of file types. In this article, we will take look at assoc command found in cmd, and would look at uses of it.

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There are a few ways to insert images. These are:

• Direct insertion using the edit menu
• Embedding in a markdown cell
• By python code (embedding an image in a code cell)

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Sometimes according to our necessity, we would want to share or convert the Jupyter notebook to HTML or pdf format. Our Jupiter Notebooks can be easily converted to PDF and HTML files. You may access your notebook as a PDF with only a few simple steps.

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Uninstalling Jupyter on Windows

The Jupyter software and its related components must be removed from your computer in order to completely uninstall Jupyter on Windows. You can follow the instructions in this manual to completely uninstall Jupyter.

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Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analysis tool that lets you capture and analyze network traffic in real time. In this article, we will learn about the Telephony Menu Function in Wireshark. and what are the components used inside the Telephony Menu Function also see the overview of Wireshark.

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Display filters search and change the display of only those packets that match with the given filter primitive. When we use a Display filter after running a packet capture it’ll just display whatever we typed in the Display Filter dialogue box else part is simply omitted until we clear the filter text box and then everything appears back.

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C# is a general-purpose, modern and object-oriented programming language pronounced as “C sharp”. C# is among the languages for Common Language Infrastructure and the current version of C# is version 8.0. C# is a lot similar to Java syntactically and is easy for the users who know C, C++ or Java.

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Access Matrix is a security model of protection state in computer system. It is represented as a matrix. Access matrix is used to define the rights of each process executing in the domain with respect to each object. The rows of matrix represent domains and columns represent objects. Each cell of matrix represents set of access rights which are given to the processes of domain means each entry(i, j) defines the set of operations that a process executing in domain Di can invoke on object Oj.

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