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Window manager — what it is

A window manager (WM) controls placement, appearance, and behavior of application windows within a graphical environment. It handles window decorations, focus, workspaces, tiling/floating behavior, and keyboard/mouse interactions. Window managers can be standalone (you start X/Wayland with them) or run inside a desktop environment.

Types

  • Tiling WMs: automatically arrange windows in non-overlapping tiles (e.g., i3, bspwm, awesome, dwm).
  • Stacking/Floating WMs: windows overlap like traditional desktops (e.g., Openbox, Fluxbox, Metacity).
  • Compositing WMs / Compositors: provide effects, transparency, and smooth rendering (e.g., Mutter, KWin, picom as compositor for others).
  • Desktop Environments (DEs): include a WM plus many integrated components (GNOME uses Mutter, KDE uses KWin).
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curl: what it is

curl is a command-line tool for transferring data with URLs using many protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, etc.). It’s designed for flexible HTTP interactions (requests, headers, methods, authentication, forms, uploads, downloads) and scripting.

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What wget is

wget is a command-line tool to download files from the web using HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP. It works non-interactively (can run in background), supports recursion, resuming, and rate-limiting.

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