How to use CHKDSK to fix Hard Drive problems on Windows 10 or Windows 11

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The Check Disk tool searches your entire hard drive for errors and fixes them. It is also known as chkdsk because that is the command you use to start it. In the long run, it can truly assist prevent larger issues and data loss, even though it’s not a very interesting tool and can take some time to run. Chkdsk, depending on how it is executed, can accomplish the following two tasks:

The primary purpose of Chkdsk is to repair any logical file system problems it discovers while scanning a disk drive for file system integrity and metadata. These problems could be caused by misaligned time stamps or file size information about specific files, corrupt entries in a volume’s master file table (MFT), or flawed security descriptors linked to files.
Optionally, Chkdsk can search for damaged sectors by scanning each sector on a disk volume. There are two types of bad sectors: soft bad sectors, which can happen when data is written incorrectly, and hard bad sectors, which can happen when the disk is physically damaged. By fixing soft bad sectors and designating hard bad sectors so they won’t be utilized again, Chkdsk makes an effort to resolve these issues.

In the properties window, switch to the “Tools” tab and then click the “Check” button. In Windows 7, the button is named “Check Now.”

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Running the Check Disk tool from the Windows desktop is easy. In File Explorer, right-click the drive you want to check, and then choose “Properties.”
In the properties window, switch to the “Tools” tab and then click the “Check” button. In Windows 7, the button is named “Check Now.”
Windows may tell you that it hasn’t discovered any issues on the drive in Windows 10 and Windows 11. You still have the option to manually scan the drive by selecting “Scan drive.” It won’t restart your computer at this stage; instead, it will run a scan before performing any repairs. If there are any issues found during the quick disk scan, Windows will give you the option. However, if you want to force it, you’ll need to run chkdsk from the command prompt; we’ll go over that in more detail later in the post.
After Windows scans your drive, if no errors were found, you can just click “Close.”

How to Use the ChkDsk Command

Open up the Command Prompt with administrative privileges by hitting Windows+X and selecting “Command Prompt (Admin).”
You’ll be using the chkdsk command.
The command supports some optional switches, but we’re mostly concerned with two of them: /f and /r.
If you just use the chkdsk command by itself, it will scan your drive in read-only mode, reporting errors but not attempting to repair them. For this reason, it can usually run without having to restart your PC.
If you want chkdsk to attempt to repair logical file system errors during the scan, add the /f switch. Note that if the drive has files that are in use (and it probably will), you’ll be asked to schedule a scan for the next restart.
- chkdsk /f c:
If you want chkdsk to scan for bad sectors as well, you’ll use the /r switch. When you use the /r switch, the /f switch is implied, meaning that chkdsk will scan for both logical errors and bad sectors. But while it’s not necessary to explicitly write chkdsk /f /r, it also won’t hurt anything if you throw both the /r and /f switches on the command at the same time.
Running chkdsk /r gives you the most thorough scan you can perform on a volume, and if you have some time to spare for the sector check, we highly recommend running it at least periodically.

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