What is netstat command used for?

Netstat stands for “network statistics”.  If you’re having difficulties accessing the internet, the netstat command can help you identify where the problem lies. Netstat will display all of your computer’s active network connections and the status of those connections. If a connection is not working, netstat can often provide more information about why it is not working.

Netstat can also be used to monitor your computer for security threats. By default, netstat does not show listening ports, so you will need to use the -l option to see them. If you discover any unusual or unfamiliar listening ports, it’s possible that someone is attempting to gain access to your system without permission.

USING CMD

Type netstat at the prompt and press Enter. The netstat command will now display a list of all active network connections.

If you want to view all active network connections, just type netstat -a. Many other netstat options allow you to customize its output; type “netstat /?” for a full list at the command prompt.

To stop netstat output, just press the Control + C keys to exit.

  • Proto -The networking protocol and it could be protocols like TCP, UDP etc.
  • Local Address – The local computer’s IP address and the port number being utilized. Unless the -n switch is used, the hostname and port corresponding to the IP address will be displayed. An asterisk (*) indicates that the port has not yet been assigned if one has not yet been set up.
  • Foreign Address – The remote computer’s IP address and port number to which the socket is linked. The names that relate to the IP address and port are displayed unless the -n switch is used. If no port has yet been assigned, an asterisk (*) appears in place of the port number.
  • State – Indicates an active TCP connection’s status,  including:
    • CLOSE_WAIT
    • CLOSED
    • ESTABLISHED
    • FIN_WAIT_1
    • FIN_WAIT_2
    • LAST_ACK
    • LISTEN
    • SYN_RECEIVED
    • SYN_SEND
    • TIMED_WAIT
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Activate ports 80(http) and 443(https) – windows

  1. Open the file: [app-path]\server\server.properties
  2. Enable port 80 (and 443) by changing the appropriate settings from N to a Y. They should look like: server.enable-http-on-port-80=Y
    server.enable-https-on-port-443=Y
  3. Change the server port in all providers installed on your network. The server port is set in the print-provider.conf file in the provider directory.
  4. Change the server port in the User Client config file:[app-path]\client\config.properties.
  1. Restart the Application Server.
  2. Test and ensure the web interface is working, for example, http://[myserver]/admin
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What is TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network. It is designed to send packets across the internet and ensure the successful delivery of data and messages over networks.

CP/IP is composed of four layers, each of which handles a certain function in the data transmission process.

The four layers of the TCP/IP stack include the following:

  • Network access layer. The network access layer, sometimes referred to as the datalink layer, manages the network infrastructure that enables computer communication over the internet. The main components include device drivers, network interface cards, ethernet connections and wireless networks.
  • Internet layer. Data packet addressing, routing and fragmentation across various networks are handled by the internet layer. It makes use of the internet protocol to provide devices with distinct IP addresses and guarantee that packets reach their intended locations.
  • Transport layer. This layer enables devices to communicate with each other end-to-end. By utilizing protocols such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and TCP, it guarantees the consistent and systematic delivery of data packets. While UDP enables quicker, connectionless communication, TCP connection delivers dependable, connection-oriented communication.
  • Application layer. The topmost layer, the application layer, is in charge of providing support for certain services and applications. It covers a wide range of protocols, including File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and HTTP.
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How to determine which process is reserving my Serial Port

  1. Open Device Manager and expand Ports (COM & LPT). Right click on the target serial port and select Properties.

2. Select the Details tab and change the value in the Property field to Service, as shown in the image below, and note the service value for searching in Process Explorer.

It is worth mentioning that NI-Serial devices use the service NiSerU, while built-in ports use the service Serial.
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Mouse and touchpad issues

If you’re using a touchpad on a laptop, go to “Settings -> Bluetooth & devices -> Touchpad.” Leave the Touchpad toggle on when a mouse is connected. Enable all default touchpad sensitivity options.

You can correct your mouse settings from “Settings -> Bluetooth & devices -> Mouse.” Make sure “Left” is the primary mouse button and that the mouse pointer speed is at a comfortable level. Keep all the default options enabled.

After clicking on additional mouse settings, select a desirable pointer speed from the “Pointer Options” tab.

If the mouse or touchpad just aren’t working properly, they can be fixed via Device Manager. Open it by typing Win + R followed by devmgmt.msc. Select the desired mouse or touchpad hardware drivers. Right-click it to view its “Properties” and update or reinstall the drivers.

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Registry Errors

  1. Open the “System Configuration” app from the search bar or by typing msconfig in the Run menu.
  2. Head to “Services” and check “Hide all Microsoft services.”
  1. Click all third-party services, such as Google and other apps. They will need to be disabled. After a restart, Windows will offer a clean boot environment.
  1. The DLL errors in the registry can be traced to one of the key classes in the Registry Editor. Open it from Run command by typing regedit.
  2. Navigate to the exact path of any software causing trouble and create new keys or DWORD (32-bit) values by following troubleshooting requirements.
  1. The issues due to a corrupt registry are generally resolved after a simple Windows update. You can also use the sfc/scannow and DISM.exe commands in Command Prompt for additional protection.
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Bluetooth not working – Windows 10

Make sure Bluetooth is turned on.You can do this by going to the taskbar and selecting Action Center (it looks like a message square). If you don’t see Bluetooth, select Expand. You should then see Bluetooth, and be able to select it to turn it on. If your device isn’t paired with any Bluetooth accessories, it will say “Not connected.” Your other option is to go to Start > Settings > Devices > Bluetooth and turn it on there.

Check your Bluetooth device. Make sure your accessory is turned on, is charged or has fresh batteries and is close to your Windows 10 device. You can then try turning off the Bluetooth device and turning it back on after a few seconds. If it’s still not working, make sure it’s not too close to any other USB device plugged into a USB 3.0 port, since those can interfere.

Check your Windows 10 device. Make sure airplane mode is turned off (Start > Settings > Network & Internet > Airplane mode). Try turning Bluetooth on and off (see above). Finally, try removing the device and adding it again (Start > Settings > Devices > Bluetooth & other devices. Select the device you’re having trouble connecting, and choose Remove device > Yes).

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Cum stergi directoare sau fisiere din CMD

Este mai ușor să ștergeți direct folderul dorit în cauză utilizând propriul explorator de fișiere al sistemului de operare. In orice caz, uneori acest lucru nu este posibil sau preferați să faceți acest lucru folosind consola CMD, prin care este posibilă chiar forțarea ștergerii directorului sau folderului în cauză.

Pentru a face acest lucru, trebuie mai întâi accesați directorul care conține folderul de șters folosind comanda cd ruta-directorio. Odată ce vă aflați în director înainte de folderul de șters, ceva ce puteți vedea cu ușurință, deoarece bara de comenzi îl arată chiar înainte de cursor, Trebuie să executați următoarea comandă pentru a șterge directorul sau folderul pe care îl doriți în cadrul acestuia:

RD /S <carpeta>

Ștergeți directorul sau folderul din CMD în Windows

 Instrucțiunile concrete ale comenzii provin din operațiune Eliminați directorul (RD, în engleză ștergeți directorul), pe care se execută atributul / S, astfel încât subfolderele conținute în directorul menționat să fie eliminate, deoarece dacă nu este aplicat în cazul unui subdirector (un alt folder din cadrul acestuia), Windows nu îl va elimina.

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Cum ștergeți fișierele folosind consola CMD din Windows

Stergerea fișierelor poate fi realizată cu ușurință utilizând propriul explorator de fișiere al sistemului de operare, dacă doriți. vei putea elimina fără nicio problemă orice tip de fișier care te deranjează, putându-l forța chiar.

Pentru a face acest lucru, trebuie mai întâi accesați directorul în cauză folosind comanda cd ruta-archivo. Odată ce vă aflați în directorul acestuia, ceva ce puteți vedea cu ușurință, deoarece bara de comenzi îl arată chiar înainte de cursor, trebuie să executați următoarea comandă pentru a șterge fișierul dorit:

DEL /F /A <archivo.extension>

Ștergeți fișierele din CMD în Windows

În acest caz,  instrucțiunile concrete ale comenzii provin din operațiune Șterge (DEL, în engleză șterge), pe care se execută atributul /F pentru a forța ștergerea fișierului în cauză, pe lângă /A, care vă permite să ștergeți numai fișierele marcate ca gata pentru arhivare de către sistemul de operare în sine.

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Nvidia RTX 5000 series

2X the speed of the previous generation for single-precision floating-point (FP32) operations provides significant performance improvements for graphics and simulation workflows on the desktop, such as complex 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE).

Third-Generation RT Cores

With over 2X the throughput over the previous generation, third-generation RT Cores deliver massive speedups for workloads like photorealistic rendering of movie content, architectural design evaluations, and virtual prototyping of product designs. This technology also accelerates the rendering of ray-traced motion blur with greater visual accuracy.

Fourth-Generation Tensor Cores

Fourth-generation Tensor Cores deliver up to 4X the AI compute performance of the previous generation. These Tensor Cores support acceleration of the FP8 precision data type and provide independent floating-point and integer data paths to speed up execution of mixed floating-point and integer calculations.

32GB of GPU Memory

With 32GB of GDDR6 memory, RTX 5000 gives data scientists, engineers, and creative professionals the GPU memory needed to work with large datasets and workloads like rendering, data analytics, and simulation.

AV1 Encoders

Eighth-generation dedicated hardware encoder (NVENC) with AV1 encoding unlocks new opportunities for streamers, broadcasters, and video conferencing. It’s 40% more efficient than H.264, allowing users streaming at 1080p to increase their resolution to 1440p while running at the same bitrate and quality.

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