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How to Add a Header or Footer in Google Slides

Headers and footers are useful tools for including information like the date, company name, or creator. This allows you to add extra details without distracting from your slideshow’s content.

  • Method 1: Insert a Text Box

One way to add a header or footer in Google Slides is to insert a text box. You can then move the text ox to the top or bottom of the slide and format it as you like.

Open your Google Slides presentation and choose the slide where you want the header or footer. Pop the text box onto the slide using the Text Box button in the toolbar or Insert > Text Box from the menu.

Text Box button the toolbar

Drag to draw the size of the text box you want or simply click to place the box and then enter your text.

Drawing a text box

Move the text box by dragging it to the top of the slide as a header or bottom as a footer.

Move the text box

Many headers and footers use a smaller font size or one that’s lighter in color than the rest of the slide text.

  • To format all the text within the box, select the box.
  • To format only certain text in the box, select just that text.

Then use the tools in the toolbar for font style, size, and color, or other tools as you like.

Formatted text box

You can copy the text box and paste it onto other slides. But if you’d like the same header or footer on every slide, you can edit the master slide instead.

  • Method 2: Edit the Master Slide

To change the master slide, you’ll actually edit the current theme using the Google Slides Theme Builder.

Select Slide > Edit Theme from the menu.

Select Slide, Edit Theme

When the Theme Builder opens, select the slide at the top directly below Theme and above Layouts.

Master slide in Theme Builder

You can then use a text box as described above. Insert the text box with the toolbar button or Insert > Text Box, enter your text, move it up or down for the header or footer, and format it per your preference.

Text box added to the master slide

When you finish, click the X on the top right of the Theme Builder to close it. You’ll return to the editing view of your presentation and see the header or footer you added on each slide.

Header on all slides

If you want to edit the header or footer later, simply return to the master slide and make your changes.

  • Method 3: Use the Slide Number Box

One final tool we’ll discuss is for footers only and is the text box used for slide numbers. If you’ve decided to add slide numbers to your presentation, this gives you a simple text box on the bottom right corner of each slide. You can take advantage of that box to add footer text.

Slide number in Google Slides

  • To add the footer on individual slides, choose a slide and select that text box.
  • To add the same footer on all slides, edit that box on the master slide.

You can start by dragging the left side of the text box to widen it for your additional text. Add your text and adjust the spacing if you want the text further left or centered in relation to the slide number.

Resize the text box

Depending on the theme you’re using, you may notice preformatted text for the slide number. This could be a smaller font size or lighter font color. However, you can still format it as you please. Simply select the text you add, without the slide number, and make your changes using the toolbar buttons.

Format the text box for the footer

Warning: Keep in mind that if you add a footer using this method and end up removing your slide numbers, the footer will be removed as well.

Footer and slide number

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9 Useful Microsoft Excel Functions for Working With Text

Functions in Excel aren’t just for numbers and calculations. You can use functions when working with text too. Here are several helpful Microsoft Excel text functions. Whether you want to change the letter case, find text within another string, substitute old text with something new, or combine text from multiple cells, there’s a function here for you.

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How to Clear Your Browser History on Oculus Quest 2

First, open Oculus Browser on your Quest 1 or 2 headset (these instructions work for both models). You’ll find the browser in your app library.

Click "Browser" in your Oculus app library.

In the Oculus Browser window, select the menu button (three dots) in the upper-right corner.

In the Oculus Browser, click the three-dots menu button in the upper-right corner of the window.

In the menu that appears on the side of the window, select “Clear Browsing Data.”

In Oculus Browser, select "Clear Browsing Data."

After that, a small “Clear Data” window will open. If necessary, place a checkmark beside “Browsing History” (and any other items you want to clear), then click the “Clear Data” button.

In Oculus Browser, check "Browsing History" and select "Clear Data."

The Oculus Browser will clear the browsing data you selected. You can repeat this process any time you like. In the future, if you don’t want you clear your browsing data manually after every Oculus Browser session, you can use Private Mode by clicking the browser menu and selecting “Enter Private Mode.” Private Mode will prevent the browser from keeping track of your browsing history.

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How to Change Your PayPal Password

Hand holding up a smartphone with the PayPal app logo on display.
Update Your PayPal Password

If you have not already chosen a new password for your account, consider learning a few tips to come up with a strong password. Then, start the password change process by opening a web browser on your device and launching the PayPal website. Log in to your account with your current password.

Once you’ve logged in, in PayPal’s top-right corner, click the gear icon to open settings.

On the page that opens, in the tab list at the top, click the “Security” tab.

Open the "Security" tab.

In the “Security” tab, click “Password.”

Select "Password" in the "Security" tab.

A “Change Your Password” window will open. In this window, click the “Current Password” field and type your current PayPal password. Then click the “New Password” field and type the new password you want to use with your account. Click the “Confirm New Password” field and re-enter your new password. Then save your changes by clicking “Change Password” at the bottom.

Change the PayPal account password.

And that’s it. Your PayPal account password is now changed. Going forward, you will use this new password to sign in to your account on all your devices.

  • If you also use Discord, you can change your Discord password just as easily.
  • If you’re like most of us, you probably struggle to remember your account passwords. Luckily, you can use a password manager and have it remember and retrieve your passwords for you. Check out our guide to learn more about those tools.
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What Is a Double VPN, and Does It Even Work?

VPN connections symbolized over a world map.

An interesting feature that’s popping up more and more in VPN advertisements is one called double VPN or multi-hop VPN. Once offered by just a handful of VPN  services, it seems other VPNs are now catching up to the marketing potential of these extra-secure connections. Does the reality live up to the expectation, though?

What Is a Double VPN?

A double VPN connection is one where an internet connection is run through two VPN servers operated by the same VPN service, one after the other. It’s a feature offered by a handful of VPNs—including some of our best VPN picks like NordVPN and ProtonVPN—and promises extra security for those who need it.

Note that a double VPN is not the same as running two VPNs at the same time: in that case, you have to configure two different VPN services to play nice together. Double VPN or multi-hop connections have fewer configuration issues as they’re a pre-packaged feature offered by a VPN service. To explain how double VPN works, let’s quickly go over the basics: normally, when you connect to the internet, you connect from your home to your internet service provider’s server and then to the website you want to visit. A VPN changes this and reroutes your connection, so after going to your ISP it goes to a server operated by the VPN before going to the website.

The reason for doing this is twofold: your IP address is changed to that of the VPN, handy for circumventing regional blocks as well as censorship, and the connection between the ISP and the VPN server is encrypted in a so-called tunnel, meaning nobody knows what you’re up to—assuming you’ve used incognito mode to sign out of all your online accounts.

A double VPN adds a second VPN server into the chain, so you go from the ISP server to a VPN server, then another VPN server run by the same company, and then to the website of your choice. This is called a cascade configuration, where one connection “falls” into another one. Essentially, for every new VPN connection, you’re adding a new encryption tunnel.

However, there’s a big downside to using double VPN: your speed is going to take a massive hit. A single connection already hurts your connection speed badly enough, and adding a second hop will reduce it even further. We’ve seen double VPN connections that barely got 10 percent of the original connection’s speed.

  • Which VPNs Offer Double VPN?

As of 2022, double VPN connections were relatively rare until recently, when suddenly more and more VPN services started offering them. A quick look around the internet shows the following VPN services offer some kind of double-hop functionality at time of writing:

  • Hide.me
  • IVPN
  • NordVPN
  • Perfect Privacy
  • ProtonVPN
  • Surfshark
  • VPN.ac
  • Windscribe

Please note that we’ve arranged them alphabetically to avoid turning this into some kind of “best double VPN” popularity contest.

  • Why Use a Double VPN?

The benefits of using a double VPN depend on who you ask. Most VPN providers will tell you that running two tunnels means you’re double secure. For example, Surfshark claims on its website that “if anyone wants to get to you, they have to breach the VPN server you’re connecting to. That’s twice as hard to do with two VPN servers.”

ProtonVPN takes a slightly different tack: in its setup, called Secure Core, one server is in a country like Switzerland or Sweden with strong data protection laws and another somewhere else. “If the other VPN server is somehow compromised,” ProtonVPN promises, “your online traffic and IP address remain safe.”

  • Dubious Claims

According to these claims, double VPNs sound like a clear upgrade for security. Of course, this raises the obvious—if slightly awkward—question of why not every VPN service offers them.

This is because these claims are, at best, an overstatement. For example, Surfshark’s claim that it’s harder to breach two servers than it is one is true—though we’re not sure if it’d be twice as hard. Even if true, to crack the encryption on one server or connection could take a billion years if using a brute force attack, so turning that to two billion seems excessive.

ProtonVPN’s claim seems to make more sense at first. After all, if a server is compromised, your data could be there for all to see. This means going through a second server in a country with more strict privacy laws makes sense.  However, with the right warrant, authorities could still request your data and the company will cooperate.

While ProtonVPN can’t hand over all your information—its own encryption protocols prevent that—some information will still leak out, enough at least that it might not be worth the huge hit to performance your internet connection takes for going through two VPN tunnels.

  • Digging a Deeper Hole

These two aren’t even the most egregious claims: Hide.me goes even a step further: on top of all other benefits, it can even improve your connection speed in certain situations. We wonder which situations these are, as we’ve never in all our days of VPN speed testing seen a VPN improve a network’s speed.

In the same vein, NordVPN backs up its assertion of “complete privacy” when using double VPN with the following statement: “nobody, not even your ISP can see your final destination on the web. They can only know that you are using a VPN service.” As we explain in this article, that’s what a VPN does, period—no matter if you hop once, twice, or eight times. To claim only a double VPN provides this is simply untrue.

While there is certainly a case, albeit a small one, to be made for double VPN connections, most of the claims you’ll see on the websites of VPN services are there to part you from your money. As the struggle for VPN market share heats up, though, we can expect more wild claims like the ones we’ve outlined above; make sure to take them with a grain of salt.

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Cum se acceseaza rapoartele de tip standard din Sql Server Management Studio

Sql Server Management Studio(SSMS) furnizeaza un numar de rapoarte standard pentru monitorizarea performantei si imbunatatirea acesteia dar si pentru a ajuta la diagnosticarea si depanarea altor probleme aparute in bazele de date sau la serverul ce le hosteaza, prin utilizarea eficienta a rapoartelor grafice.
Rapoartele oferite de Sql Server Management Studio sunt la nivel de server, baza de date si de agent.

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