Securitate

Securitate 71 Solutii

Diferente intre HTTP si HTTPS

Principala diferență dintre HTTP și HTTPS este securitatea:

  1. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

    • Este un protocol de comunicare folosit pentru transferul de date între browser și server.
    • Datele sunt transmise în format text și nu sunt criptate.
    • Este vulnerabil la atacuri precum interceptarea datelor sau atacurile de tip “man-in-the-middle”.

  2. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

    • Este o versiune securizată a HTTP, care folosește SSL/TLS pentru criptarea datelor.
    • Asigură confidențialitatea și integritatea datelor transmise între utilizator și server.
    • Este recomandat pentru site-uri care colectează informații sensibile, cum ar fi parole, date bancare sau informații personale.
    • Apare un lacăt în bara de adrese a browserului, indicând că conexiunea este securizată.

Pe scurt, HTTPS este mai sigur decât HTTP și este recomandat pentru orice site care manipulează date sensibile.

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How to change the Default Admin URL in Magento 2

Method 1: Change Admin URL via env.php

  1. Open the file:
    bash
    nano app/etc/env.php
  2. Find this section:
    php
    'backend' => [
    'frontName' => 'admin'
    ],
  3. Change 'admin' to your desired custom path, e.g., 'custom-admin':
    php
    'backend' => [
    'frontName' => 'custom-admin'
    ],
  4. Save and close the file (CTRL + X, then Y, then Enter).
  5. Flush Magento cache:
    php bin/magento cache:flush

Now, your admin panel will be accessible at:

arduino
https://yourdomain.com/custom-admin

Method 2: Change Admin URL via CLI

Run the following command:

bash
php bin/magento setup:config:set --backend-frontname="custom-admin"
php bin/magento cache:flush

This will update the admin URL to:

arduino
https://yourdomain.com/custom-admin

Method 3: Block Access to Default /admin in .htaccess or nginx

For Apache, edit .htaccess:

apache
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/admin [NC]
RewriteRule ^ - [L,R=404]

For Nginx, add this to your server block:

nginx
location /admin {
deny all;
return 404;
}

Restart the web server:

sudo systemctl restart apache2 # For Apache
sudo systemctl restart nginx # For Nginx
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How to change the default Admin URL in Laravel

By default, Laravel applications use example.com/admin (or a similar route) for the admin dashboard. However, keeping this default URL can expose your site to attacks. Changing it can improve security by making it harder for attackers to find your admin panel.

1. Changing the Admin Route Prefix

Laravel routes are defined in routes/web.php. To change the default admin URL:

Before (Default Admin Route)

Route::get(‘/admin’, [AdminController::class, ‘index’])->name(‘admin.dashboard’);

This makes the admin panel accessible at example.com/admin.

After (Custom Admin Route)

Modify web.php to change /admin to something unique, like /dashboard-secret:

Route::prefix(‘dashboard-secret’)->group(function () {
Route::get(‘/’, [AdminController::class, ‘index’])->name(‘admin.dashboard’);
});

2. Protecting the Admin Route with Middleware

To prevent unauthorized access, apply authentication and role-based middleware:

Update web.php

Route::middleware(['auth', 'admin'])->prefix('dashboard-secret')->group(function () {
Route::get('/', [AdminController::class, 'index']);
});

Ensure Middleware is Set Up

  • auth ensures only logged-in users can access the route.
  • admin is a custom middleware that allows only admin users.

If you don’t have an admin middleware, create one:

php artisan make:middleware AdminMiddleware

Edit app/Http/Middleware/AdminMiddleware.php:

php
use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;class AdminMiddleware
{
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
{
if (Auth::check() && Auth::user()->is_admin) {
return $next($request);
}
return redirect(‘/’); // Redirect unauthorized users
}
}

Register the middleware in app/Http/Kernel.php:

php
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'admin' => \App\Http\Middleware\AdminMiddleware::class,
];
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How to change the default WordPress Admin URL for better security

By default, WordPress allows access to the admin panel via example.com/wp-admin or example.com/wp-login.php. While this makes it easy for users, it also makes it an easy target for bots and hackers trying to brute-force their way into your site. Changing the default admin URL is a simple but effective way to improve security.

Why change the default WordPress Admin URL?

The default /wp-admin and /wp-login.php URLs are well-known entry points, making them a primary target for attacks. Here are a few reasons why changing the login URL is a smart move:

✅ Prevents brute-force attacks – Bots constantly scan websites for /wp-admin and try to guess login credentials.
✅ Reduces bot traffic – Hiding the login page can help reduce unwanted server load.
✅ Adds an extra layer of security – Even if someone finds your admin credentials, they won’t be able to log in without knowing the custom URL.

Method 1: Changing the Admin URL with a Plugin (Recommended)

The easiest way to change the WordPress admin URL is by using a plugin.

Best Plugins for Changing the Admin URL

  1. WPS Hide Login (Most popular and lightweight)
  2. iThemes Security (Includes additional security features)
  3. WP Hide & Security Enhancer (More advanced customization)

Steps to Change Admin URL Using WPS Hide Login

  1. Install and activate the WPS Hide Login plugin
  2. Go to Settings → General in your WordPress dashboard
  3. Scroll down to the WPS Hide Login section
  4. Enter your custom login URL (e.g., example.com/my-secret-login)
  5. Click Save Changes.

⛔ Important: Once you change the login URL, the default /wp-admin and /wp-login.php will no longer work. Bookmark your new URL to avoid getting locked out.

Method 2: Manually Changing the Admin URL Without a Plugin

If you don’t want to use a plugin, you can manually configure your .htaccess file (for Apache servers) or functions.php.

1. Change the Login URL Using .htaccess

For Apache-based WordPress sites, you can redirect the login page using .htaccess.

Steps:

  1. Edit your .htaccess file (found in the root of your WordPress installation).
  2. Add the following code at the bottom:
    apache
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^my-secret-login$ wp-login.php [L]
  3. Replace my-secret-login with your desired admin URL.
  4. Save the file and test by visiting example.com/my-secret-login.

2. Restrict Access to the Default Login URL

To block direct access to wp-login.php, add this to .htaccess:

apache
<Files wp-login.php>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from YOUR_IP_ADDRESS
</Files>

Replace YOUR_IP_ADDRESS with your actual IP

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Cum eliberați (resetați) portul COM în uz în Windows

Atunci când conectați un nou dispozitiv COM, USB sau Bluetooth la computer, Windows atribuie dispozitivului primul număr de port COM liber disponibil de la 1 la 256 (COM1, COM2, COM3 etc.).

Chiar și după deconectarea dispozitivului, numărul de port COM atribuit nu este eliberat și rămâne rezervat pentru dispozitiv (Windows îl afișează ca fiind „în uz”). Unele aplicații moștenite pot utiliza numai numere mici de port COM de la 1 la 9. Pentru ca o astfel de aplicație și un dispozitiv să funcționeze corect, trebuie să modificați numărul portului COM atribuit sau să eliberați complet porturile COM rezervate utilizate de alte aplicații.

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