• Open System Settings → Keyboard → Keyboard Shortcuts
• In the left sidebar, select “App Shortcuts”
• Click the “+” button at the bottom of the list to add a new entry
• Under “Application,” choose the specific app you want the shortcut to apply to. If you want it to work system-wide across every app that has a matching menu item, choose “All Applications” instead.
• In the “Menu Title” field, type the exact text of the menu command as it appears in the app — this has to match character-for-character, including capitalization and trailing punctuation like ellipses (“Export…” not “Export”).
• Click into the “Keyboard Shortcut” field and press the key combination you want to assign. macOS will warn you if it conflicts with an existing shortcut.
• Click “Add,” then quit and reopen the target application for the change to take effect.
• Open the app’s menu and confirm your new shortcut now appears next to the command.

A few practical tips: if the shortcut doesn’t seem to work, double-check the menu text for hidden characters or slight wording differences between macOS versions (Apple sometimes tweaks menu labels between updates). Also, this method only works for commands that already exist somewhere in a menu — it can’t create entirely new actions, only assign shortcuts to existing ones. For that kind of automation, you’d need to pair this with Shortcuts.app or Automator Quick Actions.