Configurare Sistem de operare

Kali – Configurare completa pentru penetration test

Data 02/04/2026
Autor Adrian Pricope
3
40

Kali Linux este distribuția Linux dedicată testelor de penetrare (pentest), dezvoltată și menținută de Offensive Security. Vine preinstalat cu peste 600 de unelte de securitate, organizate pe categorii: recunoaștere, scanare, exploatare, post-exploatare și raportare.

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How to install Manjaro

Data 07/03/2026
Autor Daniel Ionica
1
244

Go to the official site:

https://manjaro.org/download

Main desktop editions:

KDE Plasma (most customizable)
Xfce (lightweight)
GNOME (modern UI)

Download the .iso file.

Example: manjaro-kde-23.x.x-xxxx-linux.iso

Verification ensures the file is not corrupted.

Download the SHA256 checksum from the Manjaro site.

On Linux: sha256sum manjaro-kde-*.iso

Compare the output with the official checksum.

Create a Bootable USB

Windows

Use:

Rufus
balenaEtcher

Steps (Rufus):

Insert USB drive
Open Rufus
Select the Manjaro ISO
Partition scheme:
- GPT for UEFI
- MBR for legacy BIOS
Click Start

Linux

Use dd or Etcher.

Example:

sudo dd if=manjaro.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress && sync

Replace /dev/sdX with your USB device.

6. Boot from the USB

Restart computer
Enter BIOS/UEFI

Common keys:

Change Boot Order so USB is first.

Save and reboot.

7. Start the Live Environment

You will see the Manjaro boot menu.

Select:

Boot with open source drivers

Boot with proprietary drivers Use proprietary if you have an NVIDIA GPU. After booting, you will enter the live desktop environment.

8. Launch the Installer

Double-click:

Install Manjaro Linux

This launches the **Calamares installer.

Select Language

Choose system language.

Example: English (US)

Click your location on the map.

Example: Europe → Bucharest

Select keyboard layout

Examples:

US
UK
Romanian

Test in the text box.

Disk Partitioning

This is the most important step.

Option 1 (Recommended): Erase Disk

Choose:

Erase disk

Installer creates automatically:

Typical layout:

Partition	Size	Filesystem
EFI	300MB	FAT32
Root	rest	ext4
Swap	optional	swap

Option 2: Manual Partitioning

Choose:

Manual partitioning

Recommended layout:

EFI Partition

Size: 300–512 MB

Filesystem: FAT32

Mount: /boot/efi

Flag: boot

Root Partition

Size: 30GB+

Filesystem: ext4

Mount: /
Creat user acount

Enter:

Full name
Username
Computer name
Password

Optional:

Use same password for administrator account

Installer displays summary:

partitions
bootloader
users
location

Bootloader used: GRUB from GNU GRUB.

Click: Install

Time required:

5–20 minutes

The installer:

copies system files
installs kernel
configures bootloader
sets user accounts

14. Reboot System

After installation finishes:

Check:

Restart now

Remove USB when prompted.

15. First Boot

After reboot you will see:

GRUB boot menu

Select:

Manjaro Linux

16. Update the System

Open terminal.

Run:

sudo pacman -Syu

This updates all packages from Manjaro repositories.

17. Install AUR Helper

Manjaro supports the Arch User Repository.

Install helper:

sudo pacman -S yay

Example usage:

yay -S google-chrome

Open:

Manjaro Settings Manager

Go to: Hardware Configuration

Install proprietary drivers if needed.

Especially for:

NVIDIA GPUs
Wi-Fi adapters

Install Common Software

Examples:

Browser: sudo pacman -S firefox

Development tools: sudo pacman -S base-devel git

Media: sudo pacman -S vlc

Update system:

sudo pacman -Syu

Install package:

sudo pacman -S package_name

Remove package:

sudo pacman -R package_name

Search packages:

pacman -Ss keyword

Black screen after install

Try booting with:

nomodeset

in GRUB.

Often GPU driver related.

Wi-Fi not detected

Install firmware:

sudo pacman -S linux-firmware

Reinstall GRUB:

sudo grub-install

sudo update-grub

Enable firewall: sudo ufw enable

Install Timeshift backups: sudo pacman -S timeshift

Useful for system restore.

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Raspberry Pi Music jukebox

Data 06/03/2026
Autor Daniel Ionica
0
324

Recommended boards:

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

You will need:

Component	Purpose
Raspberry Pi	Main computer
MicroSD card (32GB+)	Operating system
Power supply	5V 3A
Speakers	Audio output
USB DAC or amplifier	Better sound quality

Optional Upgrades

These make the jukebox much cooler:

Touchscreen display
Arcade buttons for song selection
Rotary knob for volume
LED lighting
Wooden jukebox-style case
Large USB drive for music storage

Install the Jukebox Software

The easiest software for this project is Volumio.

It is designed specifically for DIY music streamers and jukeboxes.

Step 1 – Download Volumio

Download the image from:

https://volumio.com
Step 2:

Install Raspberry Pi Imager or balenaEtcher.

Flash the Volumio image to the SD card.

Steps:

Insert SD card
Open flashing software
Select Volumio image
Select SD card
Flash

Insert the card into the Raspberry Pi.

4. First Boot

Power on the Raspberry Pi.

Wait about:

2–3 minutes

Volumio will automatically create a network interface.

5. Access the Jukebox Interface

From any device connected to the same network:

Open a browser and go to:

http://volumio.local

http://<raspberry-pi-ip>

You will see the Volumio music interface.

6. Add your Music Library

You can add music several ways.

Method 1 – USB drive

Insert USB drive
Volumio automatically scans it
Music appears in library

Supported formats include:

MP3
FLAC
WAV
AAC
OGG

Method 2 – Network storage

You can mount:

NAS drives
Shared folders
External servers

Go to:

Settings → Sources

Add a network share.

Method 3 – Upload music

Some plugins allow direct uploads from the web interface.

7. Connect Speakers

Option 1 – HDMI audio

Connect the Pi to a TV or receiver.

Option 2 – 3.5mm headphone jack

Simple but average quality.

Option 3 – USB DAC (Best audio quality)

Use a USB audio adapter or DAC.

Common examples include:

AudioQuest DragonFly Black
HiFiBerry DAC+

These significantly improve sound quality.

8. Enable Internet Radio

Volumio includes thousands of stations.

Go to:

Browse → Web Radio

You can also manually add stream URLs.

9. Enable Spotify

Install the plugin:

Settings → Plugins → Spotify

This adds Spotify Connect.

Your jukebox will appear as a device in Spotify.

10. Make It a Real Jukebox

You can connect physical buttons to GPIO pins.

Example controls:

Next song
Previous song
Play / Pause
Volume

Python script example:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import osGPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

while True:
if GPIO.input(17) == False:
os.system(“mpc next”)

This lets you build arcade-style controls.

11. Add a Touchscreen

Add a display such as:

Raspberry Pi 7-inch Touchscreen Display

Mount it in a case and run the Volumio interface full screen.

This creates a self-contained jukebox interface.

12. Auto Start Music

You can configure playlists to start automatically.

In settings:

Playback → Startup Options

Example:

Play random music at startup

Perfect for parties or background music.

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Cum rezolvam problema cont Local si AD cu aceeasi denumire

Data 03/03/2026
Autor Radu enache
-3
222

In cadrul companiei sunt utilizate atat conturi Locale, cat si conturi Active Directory (AD). Ambele tipuri de conturi folosesc acelasi format de denumire: Nume.NumeFamilie. Din cauza faptului ca au acelasi format si aceeasi conventie de naming, Domain Controller-ul (DC) nu poate diferentia in mod corect conturile in anumite scenarii de autentificare.

In consecinta, contul de AD este blocat in mod repetat, generand incidente de securitate si intreruperi operationale pentru utilizatori.

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Exporting the Hardware Hash to USB in the OOBE Phase

Data 03/03/2026
Autor Vlad Davitoiu
-1
214

You are provisioning devices manually in OOBE phase and you need to collect the Hardware Hash.

Requirements:

Windows device in OOBE phase
USB drive ( format FAT32 or NTFS )
Internet connection

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Cum se instalează PHP 5.6 și 7.0 – 8.4 cu PHP-FPM și modul FastCGI pentru ISPConfig 3.2 cu apt pe Debian 11 până la 12

Data 14/02/2026
Autor Adrian Imbrea
7
401

1 Notă preliminară

În acest ghid, veți adăuga repozitoriul SURY suplimentar pentru a instala pachetele PHP cu apt. Deoarece și alte pachete, precum OpenSSL, sunt actualizate, pachetele instalate de pe sury.org nu pot fi eliminate pur și simplu după instalare. Așadar, nu eliminați SURY ca sursă de repozitoriu ulterior.

Rețineți că PHP-FPM poate fi utilizat pe serverele Apache și Nginx, în timp ce FastCGI este disponibil doar pentru serverele Apache.

2 Adăugați depozitul SURY

Mai întâi instalați aceste pachete necesare:

apt-get install -y apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

Acum adăugați cheia repozitoriului rulând această comandă:

wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg >/dev/null 2>&1

și depozitul în sine:

echo „deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -c -s) main” > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list

Acum actualizați lista de pachete:

apt-get update

Pentru a actualiza pachetele deja instalate din noul depozit, utilizați această comandă:

apt-get upgrade

3 Instalați versiuni suplimentare de PHP

Nu trebuie să instalați toate versiunile listate aici, instalați-le pe cele de care aveți nevoie.

3.1 Instalați PHP 5.6