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Linux Mint Installation and Configuration Guide

Step 1: Download Linux Mint ISO

  1. Go to: https://linuxmint.com/download.php

  2. Choose a desktop environment:

    • Cinnamon: Modern and full-featured (default)

    • MATE: Lightweight and traditional

    • Xfce: Ultra-lightweight.

  3. Pick a download mirror (closest to your region).

  4. Download the 64-bit ISO unless you’re using very old hardware.

Step 2: Create a Bootable USB

On Windows:

  1. Download Rufus: https://rufus.ie

  2. Insert USB drive

  3. Open Rufus:

    • Select USB device

    • Select downloaded ISO

    • File system: FAT32

    • Click Start.

  4. Wait for completion.

On macOS/Linux:

  1. Download Etcher: https://etcher.io

  2. Open Etcher

  3. Select ISO file and USB device

  4. Click Flash.

Step 3: Boot Into Linux Mint

  1. Reboot your computer

  2. Enter the BIOS/UEFI settings (usually pressing F2, F10, F12, or DEL during boot)

  3. Set the USB drive as the first boot option

  4. Save and reboot. Mint will load into live mode.

Step 4: Install Linux Mint

  1. From the live session, double-click “Install Linux Mint”.

  2. Select:

    • Language

    • Keyboard layout

    • Connect to Wi-Fi (optional but recommended)

  3. Choose Installation Type:

    • Erase disk and install Mint (Use only if you want to delete all existing data).

    • Install alongside (dual boot with Windows).

    • Something else (manual partitioning).

  4. Set:

    • Time zone

    • User account name and password

  5. Click Install Now, then Continue to confirm disk changes.

  6. After installation, click Restart Now and remove the USB drive when prompted.

Step 5: Post-Install Configuration

System Update

  1. Open the Update Manager

  2. Click Refresh, then Install Updates.

Customize Appearance

  • Right-click the desktop → Change Desktop Background

  • System Settings → Themes → Choose or download new themes.

Install Additional Software

Use the Software Manager or run in Terminal:

bash
sudo apt install <package-name>

Popular packages:

  • VLC: sudo apt install vlc

  • GIMP: sudo apt install gimp

  • Steam: sudo apt install steam

Enable Driver Support

  • Menu → Driver Manager

  • Install recommended drivers for GPU, Wi-Fi, etc.

Enable Firewall

bash
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status

Optional: Enable Flatpak or Snap Support

Flatpak (enabled by default in Mint):

bash
flatpak install flathub com.spotify.Client

Snap (needs to be enabled manually):

bash
sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref
sudo apt update
sudo apt install snapd

Maintenance Tips

  • Update regularly: Use the Update Manager

  • Create backups: Use Timeshift (pre-installed)

  • Clean up unused packages:

    bash
    sudo apt autoremove
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Wordfence review: why most WordPress sites use it?

After testing and using Wordfence Security on multiple WordPress websites (personal projects), I’m confident in recommending it as a reliable, comprehensive security plugin. It provides strong out-of-the-box protection, an intuitive interface, and real-time insights into threats — all without requiring deep technical knowledge.

I will outline the plugin’s core functionality, highlights from expert sources, and setup experience, to help determine its fit for future WordPress deployments across internal or client-facing sites.

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Arch Linux Installation & Configuration Guide

1. Boot into Arch ISO

  1. Boot from USB and select the Arch Linux option

  2. Confirm internet connection:

    bash
    ping archlinux.org

2. Set Keyboard Layout (if needed)

bash
loadkeys us # or your layout, e.g., de, fr, etc.

3. Update System Clock

bash
timedatectl set-ntp true

4. Partition the Disk

Use fdisk or cfdisk (UEFI example):

bash
cfdisk /dev/sdX

Create:

  • EFI System Partition (e.g. 512M, type: EFI System)

  • Linux filesystem partition

5. Format Partitions

bash
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sdX1 # EFI
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2 # Root

6. Mount Partitions

bash
mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/boot

7. Install Base System

bash
pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware nano

8. Generate fstab

bash
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

9. Chroot into New System

bash
arch-chroot /mnt

10. Set Timezone

bash
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc

11. Localization

Uncomment your locale in /etc/locale.gen, e.g., en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, then:

bash
locale-gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf

12. Set Hostname and Hosts File

bash
echo "myhostname" > /etc/hostname

Edit /etc/hosts:

plaintext
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname

13. Set Root Password

bash
passwd

14. Install Bootloader (Systemd-boot for UEFI)

bash
bootctl install

Create loader config:

bash
nano /boot/loader/loader.conf
ini
default arch
timeout 3
console-mode max
editor no

Create entry:

bash
nano /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
ini
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options root=PARTUUID=xxxxxx rw

Get PARTUUID:

bash
blkid /dev/sdX2

15. Enable Networking

bash
pacman -S networkmanager
systemctl enable NetworkManager

16. Add a User

bash
useradd -mG wheel yourusername
passwd yourusername

Enable sudo for wheel group:

bash
EDITOR=nano visudo
# Uncomment: %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

17. Install Essential Packages

bash
pacman -S base-devel git curl

18. Install a Desktop Environment (Optional)

Example: GNOME

bash
pacman -S gnome gdm gnome-tweaks
systemctl enable gdm

Or KDE:

bash
pacman -S plasma kde-applications sddm
systemctl enable sddm

Or XFCE:

bash
pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
systemctl enable lightdm

19. Exit, Unmount, and Reboot

bash
exit
umount -R /mnt
reboot

Remove installation media when rebooting.

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